                    MaraDNS troubleshooting guide

   This troubleshooting guide is an example of how problems with
   MaraDNS may be resolved without needing to wait for support on
   the MaraDNS mailing list. This guide is a troubleshooting
   example that uses MaraDNS on a CentOS 3.8 system. People using
   MaraDNS on other systems will have to adapt this guide to suit
   their needs.

   The problem we will troubleshoot in this example is MaraDNS not
   responding to DNS queries. As we will see in this guide, a
   number of different issues can cause this problem, and resolving
   the problem depends on what issue is causing the problem.

   As just some of the possible issues, it is possible that the
   MaraDNS process is not running at all. It's possible that
   MaraDNS is running, but can't bind to the assigned IP (because
   of a Linux bug, MaraDNS can not accurately report this problem
   when run in Linux).

   Here are some hints:

     * Use the askmara client, not dig, not host, not nslookup, and
       not djbdns' DNS lookup thingy to perform DNS queries. Why?
       Because this document shows you what askmara's replies are
       when sending DNS queries.
     * Keep the mararc short and simple while troubleshooting:

 ipv4_bind_addresses = "127.0.0.1"
 chroot_dir = "/etc/maradns"
 recursive_acl = "127.0.0.1/8"

   In the above mararc file, MaraDNS has the IP 127.0.0.1, would
   look for zone files in the directory /etc/maradns, and allows
   recursive DNS queries on the loopback interface.

   OK, so let's look at some problems, as they appear on a CentOS
   3.8 box with the above mararc file.

   This is how things look when we don't have a loopback interface
   to bind to. Like in all examples in this guide, the '$'
   character indicates a line that we type data on; all other
   lines, including lines that start with '#', are lines created by
   the programs we are running in these examples.

 $ askmara Awww.google.com.
 # Querying the server with the IP 127.0.0.1
 # Hard Error: Unable to send UDP packet!

   Basically, the askmara client is unable to send a query because
   there is no way for it to contact a server on 127.0.0.1.
   Probably because there is no 127.0.0.1 to send the packet on.
   So, let's start troubleshooting.

 $ export PATH=$PATH:/sbin:/usr/sbin:/usr/local/sbin

   This gives us access to commands like ifconfig and what not.

   $ su
   Password: type in your root password here

 $ ifconfig lo 127.0.0.1
 $ askmara Awww.google.com.
 # Querying the server with the IP 127.0.0.1
 # Hard Error: Timeout

   OK, so let's restart MaraDNS:

 $ /etc/rc.d/init.d/maradns restart
 Sending all MaraDNS processes the TERM signal
 waiting 1 second
 Sending all MaraDNS processes the KILL signal
 MaraDNS should have been stopped
 Starting all maradns processes
 Starting maradns process which uses Mararc file /etc/mararc

   If /etc/rc.d/init.d/maradns restart doesn't generate the above
   output, this indicates that either MaraDNS was not correctly
   installed, or that you are using MaraDNS on another Linux/*NIX
   distribution. If you're not using CentOS or Red Hat Enterprise
   Linux, replace this command with the appropriate command for
   restarting a daemon/service for your operating system.

   Now, lets look at some possible replies.

Server failure

 $ askmara Awww.google.com.
 # Querying the server with the IP 127.0.0.1
 # Remote server said: SERVER FAILURE
 # Question: Awww.google.com.
 # NS replies:
 # AR replies:

   This is the askmara output when MaraDNS is running correctly but
   is unable to connect to DNS servers on the internet. This can be
   caused when the machine running MaraDNS does not have an
   internet connection, or when MaraDNS is being firewalled.

   So, we get the internet connection up and going. If you have a
   working ethernet card and are on a network with internet access,
   this is as simple as making a DHCP request for an IP:

 $ dhclient
 Internet Systems Consortium DHCP Client V3.0.1
 Copyright 2004 Internet Systems Consortium.
 All rights reserved.
 For info, please visit http://www.isc.org/products/DHCP

 /sbin/dhclient-script: configuration for eth0 not found. Continuing
 with defaults.
 /sbin/dhclient-script: line 52: eth0: No existe el fichero o el directorio
 Listening on LPF/eth0/00:40:f4:17:ac:e9
 Sending on   LPF/eth0/00:40:f4:17:ac:e9
 Listening on LPF/lo/
 Sending on   LPF/lo/
 Sending on   Socket/fallback
 DHCPDISCOVER on eth0 to 255.255.255.255 port 67 interval 6
 DHCPOFFER from 10.1.2.1
 DHCPREQUEST on eth0 to 255.255.255.255 port 67
 DHCPACK from 10.1.2.1
 /sbin/dhclient-script: configuration for eth0 not found. Continuing
 with defaults.
 /sbin/dhclient-script: line 52: eth0: No existe el fichero o el directorio
 bound to 10.1.2.3 -- renewal in 255 seconds.

   Note that if you are using something besides CentOS or Red Hat
   Enterprise Linux, the command for getting a DHCP lease may not
   be dhclient.

   Now, the dhclient that CentOS 3.8 comes with is buggy, and
   breaks lo (the loopback interface which gives CentOS the
   127.0.0.1 IP address). So, we have to fix lo again:

 $ ifconfig lo 127.0.0.1

   In addition, losing 127.0.0.1 breaks any service bound to
   127.0.0.1, such as MaraDNS, so we have to rebind MaraDNS to
   127.0.0.1:

 $ /etc/rc.d/init.d/maradns restart
 Sending all MaraDNS processes the TERM signal
 waiting 1 second
 Sending all MaraDNS processes the KILL signal
 MaraDNS should have been stopped
 Starting all maradns processes
 Starting maradns process which uses Mararc file /etc/mararc

   Keep in mind that MaraDNS binds to high-numbered ports when
   sending outgoing DNS requests. The "Firewall Configuration"
   section of the MaraDNS man page gives details.

   The problem with UNIX firewalls is that there is no standard
   interface for configuring them, so I can't help you as well as I
   would like here. CentOS 3.8, by default, has a firewall that
   allows MaraDNS to act as a recursive nameserver on the loopback
   (127.0.0.1) interface, but the firewall needs to be changed to
   work on other interfaces:

 $ redhat-config-securitylevel-tui

   And select "personalize", and add "53:udp" as a hole in the
   firewall. Yes, the interface for this program is somewhat
   primitive; hopefully CentOS 4 has a more complete interface.

   You will have to do a similiar configuration change to any
   firewalls between your server and the internet.

Timeout

   It is also possible to get a timeout after sending an askmara
   query. A timeout looks like this:

 $ askmara Awww.google.com.
 # Querying the server with the IP 127.0.0.1

   At this point, there is a 30 second delay. After the delay,
   askmara outputs this message:

 # Hard Error: Timeout

   This is usually caused by one of two problems:

     * Maradns is not correctly running
     * A firewall is stopping DNS packets from being sent over the
       loopback interface

   To see if MaraDNS is running, run ps like this:

 $ ps auxw | grep maradns

   If MaraDNS is running, the output will look like this:

 root      2023  0.0  0.0  1516  304 pts/1    S    11:46   0:00 /usr/bin/duende
 /usr/sbin/maradns -f /etc/mararc
 nobody    2024  0.3  0.1  1748  596 pts/1    S    11:46   0:00 /usr/sbin/maradns
  -f /etc/mararc
 #66       2025  0.0  0.0  1520  440 pts/1    S    11:46   0:00 /usr/bin/duende
 /usr/sbin/maradns -f /etc/mararc
 user      2027  0.0  0.1  3720  700 pts/1    S    11:46   0:00 grep maradns

   If MaraDNS is not running, the output will look like this:

 user      1983  0.0  0.1  3728  696 pts/1    S    11:45   0:00 grep maradns

   If MaraDNS is not running, there may be a message in the log
   files indicating why MaraDNS failed when you tried to start
   MaraDNS. Look at the log:

 $ su
 Password:
 $ grep maradns /var/log/messages | more

   The messages will give you a hint as to what is preventing
   MaraDNS from starting up. If there are no MaraDNS messages in
   your log, there is something wrong with your MaraDNS
   installation.

Conclusion

   Basically, the best strategy for troubleshooting problems with
   MarNS is to have the mararc file be a simple three line mararc
   file. If things still don't work, the problem is probably
   outside of MaraDNS.
