[/==============================================================================
    Copyright (C) 2001-2011 Hartmut Kaiser
    Copyright (C) 2001-2011 Joel de Guzman

    Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying
    file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt)
===============================================================================/]

[section:auxiliary Auxiliary Generators]

This module includes different auxiliary generators not fitting into any of the 
other categories. It includes the `attr_cast`, `eol`, `eps`, and `lazy` 
generators.

[heading Module Header]

    // forwards to <boost/spirit/home/karma/auxiliary.hpp>
    #include <boost/spirit/include/karma_auxiliary.hpp>

Also, see __include_structure__.

[/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////]
[section:attr_cast Attribute Transformation Pseudo Generator (`attr_cast`)]

[heading Description]

The `attr_cast<Exposed, Transformed>()` component invokes the embedded generator 
while supplying an attribute of type `Transformed`. The supplied attribute gets created 
from the original attribute (of type `Exposed`) passed to this component using the 
customization point __customize_transform_attribute__.


[heading Header]

    // forwards to <boost/spirit/home/karma/auxiliary/attr_cast.hpp>
    #include <boost/spirit/include/karma_attr_cast.hpp>

Also, see __include_structure__.

[heading Namespace]

[table
    [[Name]]
    [[`boost::spirit::attr_cast // alias: boost::spirit::karma::attr_cast`]]
]

[heading Synopsis]

    template <Exposed, Transformed>
    <unspecified> attr_cast(<unspecified>);

[heading Template parameters]

[table
    [[Parameter]    [Description]                       [Default]]
    [[`Exposed`]    [The type of the attribute supplied to the `attr_cast`.] [__unused_type__]]
    [[`Transformed`][The type of the attribute expected by the embedded 
                     generator `g`.]                    [__unused_type__]]
]

The `attr_cast` is a function template. It is possible to invoke it using the 
following schemes:

    attr_cast(g)
    attr_cast<Exposed>(g)
    attr_cast<Exposed, Transformed>(g)

depending on which of the attribute types can be deduced properly if not 
explicitly specified.

[heading Model of]

[:__unary_generator_concept__]

[variablelist Notation
    [[`g`]          [A generator object.]]
]

[heading Expression Semantics]

Semantics of an expression is defined only where it differs from, or is
not defined in __unary_generator_concept__.

[table
    [[Expression]             [Semantics]]
    [[`attr_cast(g)`]         [Create a component invoking the 
                              generator `g` while passing an attribute of the type 
                              as normally expected by `g`. The type of the supplied 
                              attribute will be transformed to the type 
                              `g` exposes as its attribute type (by using the 
                              attribute customization point __customize_transform_attribute__).
                              This generator does not fail unless `g` fails.]]
    [[`attr_cast<Exposed>(g)`] [Create a component invoking the 
                              generator `g` while passing an attribute of the type 
                              as normally expected by `g`. The supplied attribute 
                              is expected to be of the type `Exposed`, it will be 
                              transformed to the type `g` exposes as its attribute type 
                              (using the attribute customization point 
                              __customize_transform_attribute__).
                              This generator does not fail unless `g` fails.]]
    [[`attr_cast<Exposed, Transformed>(g)`] [Create a component invoking the 
                              generator `g` while passing an attribute of type 
                              `Transformed`. The supplied attribute is expected
                              to be of the type `Exposed`, it will be transformed
                              to the type `Transformed` (using the attribute 
                              customization point __customize_transform_attribute__).
                              This generator does not fail unless `g` fails.]]
]

[heading Attributes]

[table
    [[Expression]                             [Attribute]]
    [[`attr_cast(g)`]                         [`g: A --> attr_cast(g): A`]]
    [[`attr_cast<Exposed>(g)`] [`g: A --> attr_cast<Exposed>(g): Exposed`]]
    [[`attr_cast<Exposed, Transformed>(g)`] 
                  [`g: A --> attr_cast<Exposed, Transformed>(g): Exposed`]]
]

[heading Complexity]

[:The complexity of this component is fully defined by the complexity of the 
  embedded generator `g`.]

[heading Example]

[note The test harness for the example(s) below is presented in the
      __karma_basics_examples__ section.]

Some includes:

[reference_karma_includes]

Some using declarations:

[reference_karma_using_declarations_attr_cast]

The example references data structure `int_data` which needs a specialization of 
the customization point __customize_transform_attribute__:

[reference_karma_auxiliary_attr_cast_data1]

Now we use the `attr_cast` pseudo generator to invoke the attribute 
transformation:

[reference_karma_attr_cast1]

[endsect]

[/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////]
[section:eol End of Line Generator (`eol`)]

[heading Description]

The `eol` component generates a single newline character. It is equivalent
to `lit('\n')` or simply '\\n' (please see the [karma_char `char_`] generator 
module for more details).

[heading Header]

    // forwards to <boost/spirit/home/karma/auxiliary/eol.hpp>
    #include <boost/spirit/include/karma_eol.hpp>

Also, see __include_structure__.

[heading Namespace]

[table
    [[Name]]
    [[`boost::spirit::eol // alias: boost::spirit::karma::eol`]]
]

[heading Model of]

[:__primitive_generator_concept__]

[heading Expression Semantics]

Semantics of an expression is defined only where it differs from, or is
not defined in __primitive_generator_concept__.

[table
    [[Expression]       [Semantics]]
    [[`eol`]            [Create a component generating a single end of line
                         character in the output. This generator never fails 
                         (unless the underlying output stream reports an 
                         error).]]
]

[heading Attributes]

[table
    [[Expression]       [Attribute]]
    [[`eol`]            [__unused__]]
]

[heading Complexity]

[:O(1)]

The complexity is constant as a single character is generated in the output.

[heading Example]

[note The test harness for the example(s) below is presented in the
      __karma_basics_examples__ section.]

Some includes:

[reference_karma_includes]

Some using declarations:

[reference_karma_using_declarations_eol]

Basic usage of the `eol` generator:

[reference_karma_eol]

[endsect]

[/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////]
[section:eps Epsilon Generator (`eps`)]

The family of `eps` components allows to create pseudo generators generating
an empty string. This feature is sometimes useful either to force a generator
to fail or to succeed or to insert semantic actions into the generation process.

[heading Description]

The Epsilon (`eps`) is a multi-purpose generator that emits a zero length 
string. 

[heading Simple Form]

In its simplest form, `eps` creates a component generating an empty string 
while always succeeding:

    eps       // always emits a zero-length string

This form is usually used to trigger a semantic action unconditionally.
For example, it is useful in triggering error messages when a set of
alternatives fail:

    r = a | b | c | eps[error()]; // Call error if a, b, and c fail to generate

[heading Semantic Predicate]

The `eps(b)` component generates an empty string as well, but 
succeeds only if `b` is `true` and fails otherwise. It's lazy variant `eps(fb)`
is equivalent to `eps(b)` except it evaluates the supplied function `fb` at 
generate time, while using the return value as the criteria to succeed.

Semantic predicates allow you to attach a conditional function anywhere
in the grammar. In this role, the epsilon takes a __karma_lazy_argument__ that
returns `true` or `false`. The __karma_lazy_argument__ is typically a test
that is called to resolve ambiguity in the grammar. A generator failure will
be reported when the __karma_lazy_argument__ result evaluates to `false`.
Otherwise an empty string will be emitted. The general form is:

    eps_p(fb) << rest;

The __karma_lazy_argument__ `fb` is called to do a semantic test. If the test 
returns true, `rest` will be evaluated. Otherwise, the production will return 
early without ever touching rest. 

[heading Header]

    // forwards to <boost/spirit/home/karma/auxiliary/eps.hpp>
    #include <boost/spirit/include/karma_eps.hpp>

Also, see __include_structure__.

[heading Namespace]

[table
    [[Name]]
    [[`boost::spirit::eps // alias: boost::spirit::karma::eps`]]
]

[heading Model of]

[:__primitive_generator_concept__]

[variablelist Notation
    [[`b`]      [A boolean value.]]
    [[`fb`]     [A __karma_lazy_argument__ that evaluates to a boolean value.]]
]

[heading Expression Semantics]

Semantics of an expression is defined only where it differs from, or is
not defined in __primitive_generator_concept__.

[table
    [[Expression]       [Semantics]]
    [[`eps`]            [Creates a component generating an empty string. 
                         Succeeds always.]]
    [[`eps(b)`]         [Creates a component generating an empty string. 
                         Succeeds if `b` is `true` (unless the underlying 
                         output stream reports an error).]]
    [[`eps(fb)`]        [Creates a component generating an empty string. 
                         Succeeds if `fb` returns `true` at generate time 
                         (unless the underlying output stream reports an 
                         error).]]
]

[heading Attributes]

[table
    [[Expression]       [Attribute]]
    [[`eps`]            [__unused__]]
    [[`eps(b)`]         [__unused__]]
    [[`eps(fb)`]        [__unused__]]
]

[heading Complexity]

[:O(1)]

The complexity is constant as no output is generated.

[heading Example]

[note The test harness for the example(s) below is presented in the
      __karma_basics_examples__ section.]

Some includes:

[reference_karma_includes]

Some using declarations:

[reference_karma_using_declarations_eps]

Basic usage of the `eps` generator:

[reference_karma_eps]

[endsect]

[/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////]
[section:lazy Lazy Generator (`lazy`)]

[heading Description]

The family of `lazy` components allows to use a dynamically returned generator 
component for output generation. It calls the provided function or function 
object at generate time using its return value as the actual generator to 
produce the output.

[heading Header]

    // forwards to <boost/spirit/home/karma/auxiliary/lazy.hpp>
    #include <boost/spirit/include/karma_lazy.hpp>

Also, see __include_structure__.

[heading Namespace]

[table
    [[Name]]
    [[`boost::spirit::lazy // alias: boost::spirit::karma::lazy`]]
]

[heading Model of]

[:__generator_concept__]

[variablelist Notation
    [[`fg`]       [A function or function object that evaluates to a generator 
                   object (an object exposing the __generator_concept__). This 
                   function will be invoked at generate time.]]
]

The signature of `fg` is expected to be

    G f(Unused, Context)

where `G`, the function's return value, is the type of the generator to be 
invoked, and `Context` is the generator's __karma_context__ type (The 
first argument is __unused__ to make the `Context` the second argument. This
is done for uniformity with __karma_actions__).

[heading Expression Semantics]

Semantics of an expression is defined only where it differs from, or is
not defined in __generator_concept__.

[table
    [[Expression]       [Semantics]]
    [[`fg`]             [The __phoenix__ function object `fg` will be 
                         invoked at generate time. It is expected to return a
                         generator instance. This generator is then invoked
                         in order to generate the output. This generator will
                         succeed as long as the invoked generated succeeds as 
                         well (unless the underlying output stream reports 
                         an error).]]
    [[`lazy(fg)`]       [The function or function object will be invoked at 
                         generate time. It is expected to return a generator 
                         instance  (note this version of `lazy` does not 
                         require `fg` to be a __phoenix__ function 
                         object). This generator is then invoked in order to 
                         generate the output. This generator will succeed as 
                         long as the invoked generated succeeds as well (except 
                         if the underlying output stream reports an error).]]
]

[heading Attributes]

[table
    [[Expression]       [Attribute]]
    [[`fg`]             [The attribute type `G` as exposed by the generator `g` 
                         returned from `fg`.]]
    [[`lazy(fg)`]       [The attribute type `G` as exposed by the generator `g` 
                         returned from `fg`.]]
]

[heading Complexity]

The complexity of the `lazy` component is determined by the complexity of the 
generator returned from `fg`.

[heading Example]

[note The test harness for the example(s) below is presented in the
      __karma_basics_examples__ section.]

Some includes:

[reference_karma_includes]

Some using declarations:

[reference_karma_using_declarations_lazy]

Basic usage of the `lazy` generator:

[reference_karma_lazy]

[endsect]

[endsect]
